Elevators are classified into three basic types based on their functioning principle.
Hydraulic,
Traction and
Machine-Room-Less Elevators
Traction elevators work on the basic traction principle, using ropes or high-tensile wires.
Energy-efficient
Used in mid and high-rise applications.
Traction elevators are of two types, namely gear and gear-less. In gear elevators, the wheel that controls the cables that lift or lower the elevator is connected to a gearbox, which is attached to the motor. On the other hand, gearless traction elevators are set into motion by a wheel that is directly connected to the motor. These gearless traction elevators have high installation costs and medium maintenance costs but are the most energy-efficient.
Hydraulic elevators are controlled and supported by one or two hydraulic pistons below the base of the cabin.
The elevator cabin is set into motion when hydraulic fluid is inserted or released from the pistons. Hydraulic elevators have lower initial and maintenance costs but require more power. These elevators can either be roped, conventional or hole-less.
The Machine-room- less type of elevators work the same as traction elevators but do not have a separate machine room.
These elevators are preferred for use in most mid-rise applications.
They are preferred as they take up less space, and are as operational and reliable as gearless traction elevators.
Most elevators in the market are work on the three principles, but differ in purpose, use and capacity.
The most commonly used elevators include passenger, home, hospital, observation, panoramic, goods and car elevators.
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